Limnophila sessiliflora Blume 1826 is a perennial amphibious herb with ornamental and water purification value that is widespread in temperate and tropical Asia. In the present study, we sequenced, assembled, and annotated the complete chloroplast (cp) genome of L. sessiliflora. It is 152,395 bp in length, with a typical quadripartite structure, comprising a pair of inverted repeat regions (IRs; 25,545 bp), a large single-copy region (LSC; 83,163 bp), and a small single-copy (SSC; 18,142 bp) region. The whole cp genome contained 135 genes, including 89 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 38 transfer RNA (tRNA) genes, and eight ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes. The maximum-likelihood (ML) phylogenetic analysis indicated that L. sessiliflora was closely related to the genera Bacopa and Scoparia in the tribe Gratioleae of Plantaginaceae. This cp genome provides a valuable genetic resource for phylogenetic study.

AbstractGypsophila huashanensis Y. W. Tsui & D. Q. Lu (Caryophyllaceae) is an endemic herb species to the Qinling Mountains in China. In this study, we characterized its whole plastid genome using the Illumina sequencing platform. The complete plastid genome of G. huashanensis is 152,457 bp in length, including a large single-copy DNA region of 83,476 bp, a small single-copy DNA region of 17,345 bp, and a pair of inverted repeat DNA sequences of 25,818 bp. The genome contains 130 genes comprising 85 protein-coding genes, 37 tRNA genes, and eight rRNA genes. Evolutionary analysis showed that the non-coding regions of Caryophyllaceae exhibit a higher level of divergence than the exon regions. Gene site selection analysis suggested that 11 coding protein genes (accD, atpF, ndhA, ndhB, petB, petD, rpoCl, rpoC2, rps16, ycfl, and ycf2) have some sites under protein sequence evolution. Phylogenetic analysis showed that G. huashanensis is most closely related to the congeneric species G. oldhamiana. These results are very useful for studying phylogenetic evolution and species divergence in the family Caryophyllaceae.

AbstractThe complete mitochondrial genome of Drechslerella dactyloides was characterized in this study. This mitogenome is a closed circular molecule of 246860 bp in length with a GC content of 26.16%, including 87 predicted protein-coding genes, 29 transfer RNA genes, and two rRNA gens. Phylogenetic analyses based on concatenated amino acid sequences at 14 conserved mitochondrial protein-coding genes showed that D. dactyloides was closely related to Dactylellina haptotyla.

AbstractHolocephali has foreseeable value to help our understanding of vertebrate genome evolution due to its phylogenetic position. In this study, we reported a complete mitochondrial genome of Hydrolagus mitsukurii, a species of holocephalans. The mitochondrial genome is 20,486 bp in length and comprised 13 PCGs, 2 rRNA, 22 tRNA, and 1 control region (D-loop), as well as a long noncoding insertion between tRNAThr and tRNAPro. A phylogenetic tree based on 13 PCGs showed that Hydrolagus mitsukurii was grouped with the members of the family Chimaeridae. Furthermore, the phylogenetic tree further supported the paraphyletic clades of Hydrolagus and Chimera.

The present study reports the mitochondrial genome of A. hastata (Oberthür, 1892), a little-known Aporia species endemic to the southern margin of the Hengduan Mountains in Yunnan Province. This genome is circular, 15,148 bp in length, and consists of 13 PCGs, 22 tRNAs, and two rRNAs. The Bayesian phylogenetic tree clusters A. hastata with other Aporia taxa inside tribe Pierini Duponchel, [1835]. The findings of this study add valuable new information to the genus Aporia and are beneficial to a better understanding of phylogeography of these butterflies.

Polygonatum infundiflorum Y.S. Kim, B.U. Oh & C.G. Jang et al. 1998 is a Korean endemic species. This is first report on the complete chloroplast genome sequence of P. infundiflorum. The complete chloroplast genome length was 154,578 bp with a GC content of 37.7%. The large single-copy (LSC) region was 83,527 bp long, and the small single-copy (SSC) region was 18,457 bp long. The paired inverted repeats (IRs) were 26,297 bp and separated the LCS and SSC regions. There were 113 genes, comprising 78 protein-coding genes, four rRNA genes, 30 tRNA genes, and one pseudogene (infA). In total, 16 genes contained one intron, and two genes contained two introns. Phylogenetic analysis suggested that Polygonatum was divided into three sections, each forming a monophyletic group. P. infundiflorum was sister to P. macropodum and formed a monophyletic group with P. inflatum. This study provides basic information for future research and contributes to taxonomic and genetic studies on Polygonatum.

AbstractThe complete mitogenome sequence of Eothenomys eleusis Thomas 1911 was determined using PCR. A circular double-stranded structure makes up the mitochondrial genome of E. eleusis. The complete length of the mitochondrial genome is 16,419 bp. The mitochondrial genome of E. eleusis included 13 protein-coding genes, 1 control region, 22 tRNA genes, 2 rRNA genes and 1 origin of L strand replication. The total base composition of E. eleusis mitochondrial genome was A (32.6%), T (26.3%), G (13.6%) and C (27.5%). We found significant A-T skew in base composition, especially in control regions and protein-coding genes. E. eleusis was supported by bootstrap values of 100%. This study verifies the evolutionary status of E. eleusis in Myodini tribe of Cricetidae at the molecular level. The mitochondrial genome would be a significant supplement for the E. eleusis genetic background.

Calophyllum soulattri Burm. f. (1768) is an evergreen tree native to Southeast Asia, Australia, and the Solomon Islands. It is known for its medicinal uses and has been utilized in traditional folk medicine. However, genomic resources for this species are still unavailable. In this study, we sequenced and assembled the first complete chloroplast genome of C. soulattri using next-generation sequencing data. The chloroplast genome of C. soulattri is 161,381 bp in length with a total GC content of 36.36%. The chloroplast genome contains a large single copy (LSC) region of 88,680 bp, a small single copy (SSC) region of 17,453 bp, and two inverted repeat (IR) regions of 27,624 bp each. Furthermore, the chloroplast genome has 131 genes, which include 86 protein-coding genes, 37 tRNA genes, and 8 rRNA genes. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that C. soulattri is clustered in the same branch with C. inophyllum and is closely related to Mesua ferrea.

In the present study, the complete mitochondrial genome of Lepidozona coreanica was sequenced and described. The complete mitogenome sequence of L. coreanica is 16,572 bp long and contains 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 22 transfer RNA (tRNA) genes, and two ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes. The base composition was AT biased (70.1%). The 13 PCGs of L. coreanica and the other 15 species of Polyplacophora were used for phylogenetic analysis using maximum-likelihood methods. The results showed that L. coreanica, Ischnochiton hakodadensis, and Chaetopleura apiculata are sister groups of the three lineages.

AbstractIn the present study, we determined the complete mitochondrial genome of Andreaea regularis Müll. Hal. 1890, a lantern moss of the genus Andreaea Hedw. (Andreaeaceae). The A. regularis mitochondrial genome, with a total length of 118,833 bp, consists of 40 protein-coding genes, 3 ribosomal RNA genes, and 24 transfer RNA genes. A phylogenetic tree constructed with 19 complete mitochondrial genomes composed of liverworts, hornworts, and 15 mosses showed that Andreaeales formed the closest sister to Sphagnales before divergence of the remaining moss groups, indicating A. regularis being one of the earliest mosses. Our findings could be beneficial to investigate the bryophyte evolution.

AbstractRosa davurica Pall. var. davurica is a member of the plant family Rosaceae. Although R. davurica has high application value, its chloroplast genome sequence has not been reported. This study aims to reveal the genetic characteristics of the chloroplast genome of Rosa roxburghii. The length of its total chloroplast DNA is 156,971 bp, with 37.22% G/C content. Its chloroplast genome has two inverted repeat (IRa and IRb) regions totaling 26,051 bp which are separated by a large single copy (LSC) region of 86,032 bp and a small single copy (SSC) region of 18,837 bp. The genome contains 131 independent genes (86 protein-coding, 37 tRNA, and 8 rRNA), and there are 18 repeated genes within the IR region. Among these genes, 17 genes contained one or two introns. The phylogenetic analysis showed that R. davurica was relatively close to other Rosa species, such as the Rosa hybrid.

AbstractThe complete chloroplast genome sequence of Acer pseudosieboldianum (Sapindaceae) was determined. The chloroplast genome of A. pseudosieboldianum is 157,053 bp in length with two inverted repeats (26,747 bp) between a large single-copy (85,391 bp) and a small single-copy (18,168 bp). The GC content was 37.8% and it was composed of 86 coding genes, eight rRNA genes, 37 tRNA genes, and two pseudogenes, rps2, and ycf1. Molecular phylogenetic analysis based on the plastid genome sequences strongly supported the hypothesis that A. pseudosieboldianum was embedded in the series Palmata of section Palmata. However, the phylogenetic positions of A. ukurunduense and A. buergerianum, which are a members of the series Penninervia of sections Palmata and Pentaphylla, respectively, were incongruent with the recent sectional classification system.

AbstractHere, the complete chloroplast genome sequence of Zingiber teres is described using MGI paired-end sequencing. The genome is 163,428 bp in length and contains a small single-copy region (SSC) of 15,782 bp, a large single-copy region (LSC) of 88,142 bp, and two inverted repeat (IR) regions of 29,752 bp. The overall GC content is 36.1%, and the GC content of the IR regions is 41.1%, which is higher than that of both the LSC region (33.8%) and SSC region (29.5%). The genome of Z. teres contains 133 complete genes, including 88 protein-coding genes (79 protein-coding gene species), 38 tRNA genes (28 tRNA species), and 8 rRNA genes (four rRNA species). Maximum likelihood phylogenetic analysis yielded a well-resolved tree of the genus Zingiber, and Z. teres and Zingiber mioga were sister species in this tree. The development of DNA barcodes could aid the identification of Zingiber species.

AbstractEurya rubiginosa var. attenuata is a valuable multiuse tree with a long history of use in China. It has great economic and ecological importance and is used for landscape and urban planting, soil improvement, and raw materials for food production. However, genomic studies of E. rubiginosa var. attenuata are limited. Meanwhile, the classification of this taxon is controversial. In this study, the complete plastome of E. rubiginosa var. attenuata was successfully sequenced and assembled. The chloroplast genome is 157,215 bp in length with a 37.3% GC content. The chloroplast genome structure includes a quadripartite structure comprising a pair of inverted repeat (IR) sequences of 25,872 bp, a small single-copy (SSC) region of 18,216 bp, and a large single-copy (LSC) region of 87,255 bp. The genome contains 128 genes, including 83 protein-coding genes, 37 tRNA genes, and 8 rRNA genes. Phylogenetic inference based on complete plastome analysis showed that E. rubiginosa var. attenuata is closely related to E. alata and belongs to the family Pentaphylacaceae, which differs from the results of the traditional Engler system. The chloroplast genome sequence assembly and phylogenetic analysis enrich the genetic resources of Pentaphylacaceae and provide a molecular basis for further studies on the phylogeny of the family.

AbstractTamarix L. is of great ecological and economic significance in arid desert ecosystems. This study reports the complete chloroplast (cp) genomic sequences of T. arceuthoides Bunge and T. ramosissima Ledeb., which are currently unknown, by high-throughput sequencing. The cp genomes of T. arceuthoides 1852 and T. ramosissima 1829 were 156,198 and 156,172 bp in length, respectively, and contained a small single-copy region (SSC: 18,247 bp), a large single-copy region (LSC: 84,795 and 84,890 bp, respectively), and a pair of inverted repeat regions (IRs: 26,565 and 26,470 bp, respectively). The two cp genomes possessed 123 genes arranged in the same order, including 79 protein-coding, 36 tRNA, and eight rRNA genes. Of these, 11 protein-coding genes and seven tRNA genes contained at least one intron. The present study found that Tamarix and Myricaria are sister groups with the closest genetic relationship. The obtained knowledge could provide useful information for future phylogenetic, taxonomic, and evolutionary studies on Tamaricaceae.

Cenchrus alopecuroides Thunb. 1794 is a warm-season ornamental grass with glossy foliage and showy inflorescence, which is widely distributed from eastern Asia to Australia. Although this species is of great economic importance, little genomic sequence data are available. Here, we report the complete chloroplast genome sequence of C. alopecuroides, which provides valuable plastid genomic resources for further studies on this ornamental grass. The chloroplast genome of C. alopecuroides was 138,053 bp in length and exhibited a typical quadripartite structure, which comprised a pair of inverted repeat regions (22,331 bp) separated by a large (81,177 bp) and a small single copy (12,214 bp) region. In total, 110 unique genes were annotated in the chloroplast genome, containing 76 protein-coding genes, 30 transfer RNAs and four ribosomal RNAs. The overall GC content of the chloroplast genome was 38.6%. Phylogenetic analysis based on 11 whole-chloroplast genome sequences of Cenchrus species suggested that C. alopecuroides and C. compressus were sisters to each other and joint sisters to C. clandestinus.

AbstractThe complete mitogenome sequence of the flea, Hystrichopsylla weida qinlingensis (Siphonaptera: Hystrichopsylla) was sequenced. The 17,173 bp long genome has the standard metazoan complement of 37 genes. These genes contain 13 protein-coding genes, 22 transfer RNA genes, two ribosomal RNA genes, and one control region. The nucleotide composition of the H. weida qinlingensis mitogenome was A: 39.10%, T: 41.49%, G:7.56%, and C: 11.85%. The A + T content is 80.59%, showing strong AT bias. Phylogenetic analysis indicates that Hystrichopsylla has a close affinity with a branch of Dorcadia.

Corethrodendron multijugum (Maxim.) (Fabaceae: Corethrodendron), also known as Hedysarum multijugum, is an important medicinal plant and is widely used in traditional Chinese medicine. To better understand the diversity and phylogeny of C. multijugum and other Fabaceae species, we sequenced and annotated the complete chloroplast genome of C. multijugum using the Illumina HiSeq 2500 platform. This complete genome was 122,994 bp long, and encodes a total of 110 genes, including 76 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 30 transfer RNA genes (tRNAs), and four ribosomal RNA unit genes (rRNAs). The C. multijugum plastid with a G + C content of 34.5% presents a negative AT -skew (-0.002) and a positive GC -skew (0.032). Phylogenetic analysis revealed that C. multijugum is more closely related to Hedysarum petrovii. This study provides genetic resource information for the further study of Corethrodendron.

AbstractZannichellia palustris Linnaeus 1753 is a cosmopolitan submerged species capable of rapidly responding to environmental changes, with potential applications in the ecological treatment of heavy metal pollution in water bodies. This study aimed to characterize the complete chloroplast genome of Z. palustris, which has not been reported previously. The chloroplast genome of Z. palustris displays a quadripartite structure with a length of 155,262 base pairs (bp), comprising a large single copy (LSC) region of 85,397 bp, a small single copy (SSC) region of 18,057 bp, and a pair of inverted repeat (IR) regions of 25,904 bp. The GC content of the genome is 35.8%, with corresponding values of 33.4% for the LSC, 28.2% for the SSC, and 42.5% for the IR regions. The genome contained 130 genes, including 85 protein-coding genes, 37 tRNA genes, and eight rRNA genes. Phylogenetic analysis within the order Alismatales revealed that Z. palustris clusters with the clade of Potamogeton perfoliatus, P. crispus and Stuckenia pectinata.

AbstractIn this study, the complete mitochondrial genome of Parachaeturichthys polynema was reported. The mitochondrial genome was 16,620bp in length including 13 protein-coding genes, 23 tRNAs, 2 rRNAs, and a control region. The overall contents of A, T, G, and C were 28.56%, 26.34%, 16.22%, and 28.89%, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis of 18 species in the family Gobiidae showed that P. polynema was clustered into the subfamily Gobiinae. This information will contribute to future phylogenetic studies of P. polynema and Gobiidae.