The current study presents an analysis of an inclined magnetized unsteady Cross fluid flowing over a coated disk with buoyancy effects and energy loss. The flow is modeled using the Navier-Stokes equations, including buoyancy, magnetic field, and energy loss effects based on the coated disk. The governing equations are solved numerically by applying the process of bvp4c to analyze the effects of inclination angle, magnetic field strength, and coating thickness using the flow characteristics. The results indicate that the buoyancy effects have a significant impact on the flow along with the results of flow velocity increment along with static pressure decrement. The magnetic field also has significant effects on the flow, which shows the decreasing velocity by increasing the magnetic field. Additionally, the coating thickness has significant effects on energy loss that decrease by increasing the coating thickness. The purpose of this work is to provide the valuable insight using the buoyancy, magnetic field, and coating thickness effects on the flow characteristics and energy loss based on the inclined magnetic unsteady cross flow passing over a coated disk.

Arab countries have been working hard to establish centers of research excellence and industrial clusters, especially in chemistry, based on the best technologies and practices. It is of utmost importance for decision-makers and academics to estimate the extent of chemistry research progress in Arab countries which differ substantially in economic development and graduate and postgraduate education. This study aims to highlight the current chemistry research trends and analyze chemistry journals in Arab countries. The citation rates, H-Index, SJR (Scimago Journal and Country Rank), and co-occurrence of keywords and authorship were compared between chemistry journals that are published by Arab countries and those published by the rest of the world between 1996 and 2022, referring to SJR report. Saudi Arabia and Egypt are the Arab countries with the largest citations number, published documents, and SJR indicators. Despite Arab countries' efforts to promote scientific research and build industrial clusters, the comparison of Arab countries to the rest of the world revealed that the Arab countries' SJR, H-index, citations per document in the previous two years, and total citations in the last three years are statistically significantly lower than those of the rest of the world. Many topics, such as nanoparticles, graphene, drug delivery, and molecular docking, are addressed by Arab countries as well as by the rest of the world. Arab countries, on the other hand, are more interested in nanoparticles than the rest of the world, which is more interested in catalysis. To strengthen their impact on the chemistry research field, Arab countries should intensify their collaboration with the rest of the world and focus on more centered topics.

Polyacrylamide has been widely utilized to store CO2 in reservoirs in order to alleviate the greenhouse impact. However, no studies have been conducted on the motion of CO2 in a polyacrylamide solution within porous media. This study illustrates the effect of polyacrylamide molecular weight, concentration, pressure, temperature, and pore size on the dynamic diffusion of CO2 in the core with saturated polyacrylamide solutions. The diffusion motion characteristics of CO2 were obtained by diffusion experiments. The microscopic analysis of core slices following testing showed the presence of polyacrylamide on rock particles. The pressure and CO2 mass fraction distribution inside the core were calculated by constructing a mathematical model. The results show that the increase in molecular weight and concentration of polyacrylamide decreased the diffusion ability of CO2, while temperature and pressure accelerated the diffusion of CO2. The polyacrylamide moved into the core to form an effective inhibiting effect, which was affected by CO2 and pressure. While the increase in pore size accelerates the flow rate of the polyacrylamide, it also enhances the sealing capacity of the polyacrylamide solution. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) showed that the core had a high content of polyacrylamide solution inside it, and these molecules were attached to the surface of the core particles in an irregular lamellar pattern. The calculation model was consistent with the diffusion experimental results, where the CO2 diffusion coefficient in the polyacrylamide solution was in the order of 10-12 m2/s under the conditions of 5–30 MPa, 323–343 K, and a core permeability of 60 × 10-3 μm2. The results of this paper provide a new calculation for evaluating the performance of polymer plugging.

Germanium (Ge) is a dispersed metal and it is mainly recovered from secondary resources. In order to improve the purification efficiency of Ge-containing materials, a new method for purification of Ge-containing materials by ammonium was proposed. The results showed that the zinc (Zn) components in raw materials were complex, including water-soluble Zn and water-insoluble Zn, which should to be removed by the two-stage purification of primary water purification (PWP) and secondary ammonium purification (SAP). The results of single factor experiment on the process of SAP showed that under the optimal purification conditions of total ammonium concentration of 0.69 mol/L, pH of 2.5∼, liquid–solid ratio of 3:1 mL/g, reaction time of 10 min and reaction temperature of 20 °C, 95.68% Zn could be removed from raw materials. The purification mechanism indicated that the water-soluble Zn in the form of physical adsorption and water-insoluble Zn in the form of chemical adsorption can be removed in PWP stage and SAP stage, respectively. After the two-stage purification, the Zn component that was difficult to be removed by burning was greatly reduced, which provided favorable conditions for improving the quality of Ge concentrate.

In this study, we prepared a single M-type strontium ferrite phase with different iron contents using the traditional ceramic method and studied the effect of iron deficiency on the crystalline structure and magnetic properties of M-type hexaferrite strontium has been studied. With the decrease in iron content, the saturation magnetization of M-type strontium ferrite SrO·nFe2O3 powders (5.49 ≤ n ≤ 5.95) decreases by 5.5% and 4.7% at 300 K and 5 K, respectively. The change in Fe3+ occupancy was determined using X-ray diffraction spectroscopy. The occupancy of Fe3+ in sublattices 2a, 12k and 4f1 decreased with decreasing Fe content, and the decreased amplitude was in the order 2a > 4f1 > 12k. In addition, the (4f1 site) Fe3-O2-Fe5 (12k site) and (4f1 site) Fe3O2 bond length decreased and increased, respectively, with decreasing Fe content. These results are of great significance for improving the magnetism of SrM by regulating iron vacancies in its structure.

Overheating of photovoltaic (PV) cell is one of the most common issues that cause the degradation of their function and reduce conversion efficiency. This work investigates the effect of using a novel TiO2-CuO hybrid nanofluid to improve the energy and exergy of photovoltaic thermal (PVT) systems by reducing PV cell temperature. Serpentine tubes soldered on an absorbing plate attached behind the PV module were proposed to improve heat removal of the PV module with volume concentrations of 0.2 vol% and 0.3 vol%, with a flow rate of 1.16 L/min. Improving the thermophysical properties of the hybrid nanofluid has reduced the temperature of the PV module by 39% more than the uncooled PV module. The PVT system's electrical power and overall efficiency improved by 77.5% and 58.2%, respectively, at increased volume concentration to 0.3 vol% compared with the uncooled PV module. The exergy analysis indicated an increase in the overall exergy efficiency by 14.97 %, with thermal exergy dropping because of the closer the outlet nanofluid temperature to ambient temperature. Hybrid nanofluid cooling has improved exergy efficiency to 14.97%, reducing exergy losses by 37.9% and entropy generation by 69.6% at 0.3 vol%. The economic analysis shows a better payback period of 21 months when cooling with a hybrid nanofluid compared with the uncooled PV module.

In this paper, a novel functional magnetic nano-demulsifier with efficient oil-water separation and recyclability was prepared by one-pot method. Magnetic fluorinated polyether composite demulsifier (Fe3O4@C-F) was prepared by combining Fe3O4 as magnetic matrix with carbon nanospheres and grafting fluorinated polyether. The morphology and structure of the composites were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The results showed that carbon nanospheres and fluorinated polyether were successfully compounded on Fe3O4, and the crystallinity of the composites was improved. The demulsification experiment and recovery performance test were carried out with the self-made crude oil emulsion. The main factors affecting the demulsification performance of demulsifier and its demulsification mechanism were discussed. The results showed that the demulsification effect of Fe3O4@C-F was the best when the dosage was 600 ppm, 65 °C, 120 min and pH value was 6. The demulsification rate could reach 96.68 %, and the oil-water interface was clear. Fe3O4@C-F had magnetic response, and could be recycled and reused 5 times from two-phase system under external magnetic field. The application of carbon materials in the field of oil-water separation has injected a new power source for the application of carbon nanomaterials in the field of demulsifiers.

In our previous study, several bicyclol (BIC) metabolites were found to possess higher solubility, security, and efficacy than the parent drug. However, further research can’t be conducted without monomeric metabolites. In the current study, a highly efficient preparative approach for six BIC-active metabolites from Sprague-Dawley (SD) rat urine was developed. First, 1000 mL of urine was purified and concentrated to 50 mL using microporous resin. Second, middle chromatogram isolated (MCI) GEL®CHP20P adsorbent was used to create a low-pressure liquid chromatography (LPLC) column, which was combined with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) to build an offline 2D system to visualize the separation process. Samples were segmented into 25 tubes and merged into three fractions. Then, recycling preparative HPLC was applied to the monomeric preparation to improve the efficiency. The prepared metabolites possessed high purity (>98%), and were verified by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Finally, an isoniazid (INH)-induced liver injury zebrafish model was established to evaluate the efficiency of the BIC, M7, and M8 metabolites. The M7 metabolite exhibited a higher efficiency than BIC in histopathology, gene expression, and aminotransferase levels. Consequently, this study provided a strategy that integrating modern analytical techniques to prepare metabolites for discovering high value candidate compounds from biological metabolism.

Four novel nonionic 1-alkylaminoglycerol Gemini surfactants, represented by m-s-m (m = C8 and C12, s = 3 and 4), were synthesized through a two-step reaction in high yields, and confirmed by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and HRMS. The synthesized Gemini surfactants exhibited low CMC (1.41–5.25 mmol/L), excellent surface-tension-reducing ability (25.45–26.83 mN/m), and wetting ability on hydrophobic interface. Gemini surfactants in aqueous solutions were in stable nanoscale dispersion, and exhibited strong and long-lasting foaming ability and emulsifying abilities for benzene/water and triacylglyceride/water systems. Especially, 12–4-12 solution displayed excellent tolerance to wide pH range and high salinity. Biological evaluation demonstrated that these Gemini surfactants, except for 8–4-8, showed significant antibacterial activities against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli at 25 and 50 µg/mL. Hence, these Gemini surfactants have the potential to be used in a varieties of fields as highly efficient agents.

Dendrobium officinale (D. officinale) is a valuable Chinese herbal medicine and rich in chemical components. The current research on the pharmacological active ingredients of D. officinale mainly focus on polysaccharides, however, there are very few studies on the activity of its secondary metabolites. Our study aimed to investigate the potential pharmacological activity of secondary metabolites of D. officinale. Firstly, we determined the polysaccharide content of D. officinale from four different origins and analyzed their secondary metabolites using UPLC Q-TOF/MS. We found that the average polysaccharide content of D. officinale from Anlong, Guizhou was the lowest, and the secondary metabolites were also significantly different from those of Dendrobium from the other three origins. Then, ten differential compounds with high content in D. officinale from Anlong, Guizhou were identified using Orthogonal Projection to Latent analysis (OPLS-DA), and the potential targets of these secondary metabolites associated with acute alcoholic liver injury through network pharmacology. Finally, pharmacodynamic experiments verified that only D. officinale from Anlong significantly improved liver damage in mice with acute alcoholic liver injury, confirming the pharmacodynamic activity of D. officinale secondary metabolites in the prevention of acute alcoholic liver injury. The present study found that the preventive effect of D. officinale on acute alcoholic liver injury in mice was not directly correlated with the polysaccharide content, indicating that the polysaccharide content alone cannot be used as a quality indicator to evaluate the medicinal activity of D. officinale. Our study provides more references for the study of the substance basis of the pharmacological effect of D. officinale, and also provides a research idea and method for the discovery of the pharmacological active ingredients of Chinese medicine.

In this study, we successfully synthesized a novel glycyrrhetinic acid (GA) derivate compound as a liposomal carrier. Glycyrrhetinic acid-diaminododecane-cholesterol (GA-DA-CH) was synthesized from GA, diaminododecane, and cholesteryl hemisuccinate by two-step amidation under catalytic conditions. The chemical structures of GA-DA (glycyrrhetinic acid-diaminododecane) and GA-DA-CH were confirmed by Mass Spectrum (MS), Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectrometer, and analyzed by Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). Glycyrrhetinic acid ligand-modified liposomes (GA-DA-CH-Lips) were prepared, consisting of egg phosphatidylcholine, cholesterol and GA-DA-CH. GA-DA-CH was integrated into the liposomal capsule to promote hepatocellular carcinoma targeting. The particle size of GA-DA-CH-Lips was calculated to be between 122.87 and 133.30 nm, with an approximate polydispersity index (PDI) was 0.20, and a zeta potential was in the range of –32.50 to –26.53 mV. GA-DA-CH-Lips were constructed with more than 90% encapsulation efficient and drug loading efficiency of no<6.40%. In addition, environmental stability assays show that GA-DA-CH-Lips are sensitive to temperature, and thus should be preserved at low temperatures. Furthermore, in vitro cellular uptake from qualitative and quantitative analysis indicates that GA-DA-CH integrating into liposomes possess a specific target for hepatocellular carcinoma. Intracellular inhibition showed that GA-DA-CH-Lips effectively inhibited cell proliferation in dose-dependent features. Based on these results, we have reason to believe that GA-DA-CH-Lips could be a potential hepatic target drug delivery to improve the therapeutic effect of hepatic diseases.

Layered bimetallic hydroxide (LDHs) nanomaterials have shown excellent potential in the field of recovery of pollutants from wastewater through anion exchange and surface electrostatic interaction. In this paper, three new ternary ZnCrNi-LDHs with the different graded porous were successfully prepared by controlling the morphology of the layer stacking using triethanolamine as the soft-template, and characterized by SEM, TEM, XPS, TG, BET and XRD. The ZnCrNi-LDHs exhibited higher adsorption capacity for pollutants such as methyl orange, sunset yellow and their mixed solutions. The results showed that there was a good synergistic adsorption effect in the adsorption process of mixed solutions. The maximum adsorption amounts of single methyl orange, sunset yellow, and mixed solutions of methyl orange and sunset yellow were 1834.63 mg·g-1, 1259.79 mg·g-1, 3270.59 mg·g-1 and 3294.38 mg·g-1, which shows that the adsorption amounts about synergistic adsorption effect for mixed solutions is much higher than those of single methyl orange and sunset yellow; Meanwhile, the maximum adsorption capacity is higher than most adsorbents. The pseudo-second-order kinetic model fitted the kinetic data of adsorption, while the equilibrium adsorption isotherm data followed the Freundlich model. The adsorption process contains both surface adsorption and interlayer anion exchange as determined by SEM, XRD, IR and zeta potential analysis. The research not only demonstrates that three ZnCrNi-LDHs materials showed excellent adsorption performance and practical interest as an efficient adsorbent for the removal of methyl orange, sunset yellow, and mixed solutions but also provides a strategy for the removal of mixed dye solutions.

Crystal violet (CV) is one of the water pollutants that can cause potential harm to living beings and the environment. Different methods are applied for the removal of CV from wastewater, however, a cheap and environmentally friendly way is preferred. In this study, Hormophysa triquetra (HT) and its silver-modified form (AgHT) were used for the removal of CV from synthetic and real wastewater. Both physical and chemical characterizations of HT and AgHT were carried out using scanning electron microscopy – energy dispersive X-ray analysis (SEM-EDX), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), zeta potential (ζ-potential), and Brunauer-Emmet-Teller (BET) analysis. Different parameters such as pH, temperature, and concentration were studied for the adsorption process. The optimum pH of the adsorption process was 6 with a maximum adsorption capacity of 181.8 mg/g for HT and 312.5 mg/g for AgHT at 45◦C. The best-fitted adsorption isotherm model was the Langmuir model based on the correlation coefficient (R2) however; the chi-square (χ2) analysis indicated the Freundlich model to be the best-fit model. Moreover, the thermodynamics studies indicated a spontaneous and endothermic reaction with HT and the reverse with AgHT. The main functional groups contributing to the adsorption of CV on the adsorbents involve carboxyl, hydroxyl, carbonyl groups, and aromatic rings. The adsorbent removed more than 98 % of CV from real wastewater with AgHT being more efficient than HT. Desorption studies indicated that desorption agents such as NaOH and HCl reduced the electrostatic interactions between the adsorbate and the adsorbent, thereby regenerating the adsorbent. This study proves the use of naturally abundant and available macroalgae as an eco-friendly and successful green technology for the removal of CV from real wastewater.

The graphene oxide-zinc oxide (GO-ZnO) nanocomposite was fabricated and applied as the adsorbent to survey the adsorption characteristics of the adsorbates of organic and inorganic water contaminations in an aqueous solution. The synthesized nanocomposite has been characterized using X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) and Scanning electron microscope (SEM), indicating that the nanocomposite was synthesized successfully. The impact of the initial solution concentrations and pH was investigated, indicating that the synthesized compound has a high adsorption capacity and capability to remove both organic and inorganic contamination. The kinetic adsorption could also be well described by Pseudo-second-order (PSO) kinetic expressions. The equilibrium adsorption findings indicated that the Langmuir was more suitable than Temkin, Freundlich, and Flory-Higgins models. High adsorption capacity of 99.00, 125, 121.95 and 277.78 mg/g respectiviety for Methylene blue (MB), Methyl orange (MO), Cd2+, and Pb2+ The antibacterial assay was also performed using Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli in which the ZnO nanocomposite proved to be an effective Bactericide that inhibits the growth of bacteria. The obtained results indicated that the synthesized GO-ZnO nanocomposites are ideal adsorbents for the MB, MO, Cd2+, and Pb2+ removals in an aqueous solution.

The valuable pyrolysis products are prepared by pyrolysis of aspen wood using microwave heating at different pyrolysis temperature. High pyrolysis temperature restrains the production of the biochar, and contributes to the generation of the bio-gas. However, pyrolysis temperature has little influenced on the yield of bio-oil. Bio-oil mainly has the phenols, hydrocarbons, ketones, aldehydes and furans compound. The phenols compound of bio-oil generated from 500 ℃ is 54%. Pyrolysis temperature influences the composition and heating value of bio-gas, and the heating value of bio-gas produced at 700 ℃ is 13.41 MJ/Nm3. Biochar could be used to adsorb Ag+ from wastewater, which generates value-added A/char after adsorption. Ag+ adsorption and reduction process are systematically evaluated and analyzed. The generated Ag/char is employed as the catalyst for rhodamine B degradation. Besides, Ag/char has promising application potential in energy storage. The novelty is that the prepared biochar can adsorb Ag+ from wastewater to form the Ag/char by reduction, which can be used in the rhodamine B degradation and energy storage. These results prove a successful example of aspen wood waste converting into the valuable pyrolysis products, realizing “waste into treasure”.

The genus Schisandra belongs to the family Schisandraceae and grows mainly in south-central and southwestern China. Most of the plants in this genus are used for medicine by their fruits, usually for the treatment of inflammatory diseases. In traditional medicine, Schisandra is also used to stop bleeding, relieve pain, and clear heat. Based on this, many domestic and foreign scholars have conducted systematic studies on its chemical composition, and experimental data show that triterpenoid components are the important material basis for the pharmacological effects of this genus. This paper summarizes the relevant literature on triterpenes of the genus Schisandra from 1983-2023. All information and research about this paper was obtained from libraries and digital databases (SciFinder, Medline PubMed, Google Scholar, and CNKI, etc.). At present, there are 335 different kinds of triterpenes isolated from the genus Schisandra, including lanostanes, cycloartanes, nortriterpenoids and pentacyclic triterpenoids, which are mostly found in fruits and vine stems. They have been found to possess various activities such as antitumor, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, neuroprotective, nephroprotective and hepatoprotective.This review systematically summarizes the literature on triterpenoid composition, traditional applications, pharmacology, and exploitation of the genus Schisandra. We hope this paper will provide a valuable reference for further research and development of the resources of this genus.

BackgroundFamous synthetic pharmacophores like Filgotinib, Dapiprazole, and Trazodone have Triazolopyridine as their primary building element. It has become more well-known in medicinal chemistry, to which its broad-spectrum impact may be attributed.ObjectiveThe derivatization of the triazolopyridine molecule has been widely discussed in several scientific articles, focusing on its biological and pharmacological properties. As lead compounds for developing new drugs, many analogues of Triazolopyridine have been found. This article summarises and discusses the literature surrounding the synthesis and biological evaluation of the triazolopyridine framework.MethodsRelevant keywords were used to identify relevant published literature from all relevant databases, including SciFinder, PubMed, and Google Scholar. Supplementary relevant literature bibliographies were also searched to locate linked reports.ResultsStep-by-step explanations of the synthetic approaches to Triazolopyridine-based ring systems were found in the literature. All Triazolopyridine derivative's pharmacological activities were enumerated according to their targets, and a detailed structure-activity link was created.ConclusionThe current review highlights various synthetic techniques for fabricating the triazolopyridine framework and its uses across several medical chemistry fields. The wide range of biological effects of compounds with the triazolopyridine skeleton, including those that are antibacterial, antifungal, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antitubercular, analgesic, anticancer, and antidepressant, make them crucial in the process of developing new drugs and so on. Despite extensive research, the structure-based drug design technique can create new, effective pharmacophores.

In this work, polydopamine (PDA) was used to facilitate the reduction of silver nitrate (AgNO3) to silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and the simultaneous loading on waste silk fabrics (PDA-SF/AgNPs). The removal activity of the obtained composite PDA-SF/AgNPs on different dyes in the presence of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and potassium peroxymonosulfate (PMS) was compared. The effects of reaction temperature, H2O2/PMS dosage, dye concentration, composite dosage, electrolyte concentration and time in two catalyst systems on the dye removal were discussed. The results showed the dye removal of Telon Red A2R reached 81% and 95% in 30–50 min in PDA-SF/AgNPs-H2O2 and PDA-SF/AgNPs-PMS system, respectively. Quenching experiments demonstrated that ·OH, ·O2– and SO4-· were produced during the degradation process, and the possible degradation pathway of Telon Red A2R were analyzed by HPLC-MS. In addition, the kinetic study indicated that the removal of dye followed quasi-second-order adsorption kinetics. These findings suggest that fabric-based composites have great potential and applications in catalysis and treatment of wastewater.

Insight about the impact of malathion on human physiology is still a challenge in environmental health. The present work was focused on the neurotoxic effects of malathion followed by impact of Aloe vera, if any, which is not known. The malathion has significantly altered the levels of the body weight, brain weight and relative weight of the brain. The significant levels of alteration were also observed in the levels of antioxidant potential and oxidative stress biomarkers such as NO, PCO, MDA, GSH, SOD, CAT, GST, and GPx antioxidants. The increased levels of SOD, CAT, GPx and decreased levels of GST were observed in the malathion treated experimental rats. In addition of these, the contents of inflammatory markers such as IL-6, COX-2, TNF-α, and NF-κB were also found to be altered significantly. A significant alteration was also recorded in the activity of AChE. The histological examination of liver tissue sections revealed the severe injury to the central vein and hepatic cords due to malathion toxicity. However, the pre-administration of A. vera markedly ameliorated the neurotoxic effect of malathion. These results suggested that the metabolites present in A. vera may be utilized as a potential and sustainable supplement in the proper management of pesticide induced neurotoxicity in association with the relevant therapeutics.

Scientific community has been mesmerized by the application of bioactive O-methylated isoflavones with neuroprotective effects mediated by their antioxidant and antiapoptotic properties. The small size and planar-based structures allow them to interact with a wide range of biomolecules, such as DNA, lipids, and protein. Therefore, glycitein (C16H12O5), 4′,7-dihydroxy-6-methoxyisoflavone, as a potential antioxidant can interact with blood proteins, especially human hemoglobin (HHb), serving as a main carrier protein. To analyze this interaction, several spectroscopic techniques as well as molecular docking analysis were used. It was revealed that glycitein can interact with HHb mediated by the formation of hydrophobic forces and main aromatic residues. Also, Y140 (A), Y35 (D), and W37 (D) were displaced to a hydrophobic microenvironment upon interaction of HHb with glycitein. Furthermore, glycitein led to a slight increase in the amount of α-helix of HHb. The antioxidant assays showed that glycitein with a low concentration of 5 µM can mitigate the neurotoxicity induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 100 ng/ml) in cultured spinal cord neurons, through mitigation of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release, downregulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and Malonyldialdehyde (MDA) production, recovery of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activity, and downregulation of caspase-3 protein expression and activity. In conclusion, these data indicated that glycitein with potential pharmacological activities can potentially interact with HHb, which can be of interest for future in vivo studies.