Depletion of recoverable crude oil reserves in the world requires a qualified approach to the problem of processing oil residues, the share of which is increasing with the involvement of high-viscosity oils and natural bitumen having high density and viscosity and low yield of light fractions in the turnover. The Institute of Petrochemical Processing has traditionally been engaged from the beginning of its existence in developing technologies for noncatalytic processing of heavy crude oils. This article summarizes the developments of the Institute of Petrochemical Processing completed in this field within almost 20 years, a part of which has already been industrially implemented, and the rest is ready for implementation.

The possibility of slowing down gas hydrate nucleation by introducing additional surfaces into the system has been investigated. The process usually takes place at phase boundaries, i.e., the appearance of new surfaces (solid particles) in the system should increase the probability of hydrate formation. The effect of carboxylated cellulose nanofibrils (CNF) dispersed in water on methane hydrate formation under vigorous stirring was studied. It was found, that under identical conditions, allows“”introducing 0.5 wt.% of CNF allows, first, to reduce the hydrate nucleation rate and, second, to suppress the “memory” effect characteristic of hydrate formation from distilled water (DW). The analysis of the “survival” functions made it possible to establish that the mechanism of the inhibiting action of CNF involves the reducing the number of hydrate nucleation sites. This can be explained by the involvement of the CNF in the disrupting the hydrogen bonds network: for example, mechanical destruction of subcritical nuclei by inhibitor particles with intense agitation. The obtained data indicate the possibility of developing a new class of kinetic hydrate inhibitors based on dispersions.

Based on building the overall architecture of virtual assembly and processing on the Unity3D platform, to make the operation more immersive, this paper adds the related functions of Kinect somatosensory equipment on the basis of the original functions, realizes some functions of this system through gesture operation, and develops a virtual simulation system for metal cutting petroleum machinery assembly and processing based on this. The application results show that the application of human-computer interaction technology has significantly improved. Through several groups of experimental data, it is verified that the accuracy of gesture recognition is not 100%. Through SVM algorithm, it is verified that the angle between the middle finger and the thumb is detected with error, especially when the hand is moving.

Saddle Diesel is a diesel engine plant in a local city in northeast China, which is already the special designation. In this paper, a new polyhydroxy polyacid macromolecule called citric acid-1,4-butanediol-citric acid-cycloalkanic acid-tetradecyl alcohol (CTC-NT) with 1,4-butanediol as the core was designed and synthesized via an “ester-ester” copolymerization process using 1,4-butanediol and citric acid as the raw materials and then grafted sequentially with naphthenic acid and tetradecanol containing functionalized groups. The structures of the synthesized compounds were characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance and infrared spectroscopy, and the results showed that the synthetic products were consistent with the designed molecular structure. The use of the prepared CTC-NT in saddle oil light diesel was studied. The results showed that the filtration improvements of the synthesized multibranched macromolecule CTC-NT were better than those of other additives for the same oil, and the cold filter point was reduced by up to 13°C when the dosage was 900 μg/g.

The Xujiahe Formation in western Sichuan has complex geological characteristics, fractures and fractures, and is prone to collapse in drilling. In this paper, the in-situ stress field around the wellbore, pore pressure, internal pressure in the wellbore and additional stress field generated by fluid flow are taken into account, and combined with the mechanical strength of rock in the target block, the in-situ stress parameters are calculated, the collapse pressure model of fractured formation is established, and the formation pressure profile of the well area is obtained, so as to predict the safe drilling fluid density window. The results show that the accuracy of the in-situ stress model is high, and the maximum error is 1.3%, which meets the engineering requirements. In the target block, the collapse pressure of Section 5 of Xinsheng 101 well and Section 5 – Section 3 of Xin601 well is high, reaching 1.8 g/cm3, and the safe drilling fluid density is narrow. Therefore, the drilling fluid density should be carefully designed to ensure the stability of borehole wall and prevent the occurrence of borehole wall collapse caused by too low drilling fluid density.

Industrial dynamic complex event recognition (CER) can provide decision makers with reference for fault diagnosis and process optimization. It is one of the key steps to ensure the successful completion of each step of industrial production. How to make interpretable reasoning and recognition under incomplete data is a very challenging problem. Our hypothesis is to use our FGR-CER framework to identify complex events in the case of data missing. To address the challenges, we propose a new interpretable fuzzy granular reasoning framework for industrial dynamic complex event recognition framework (FGR-CER). In this framework, event calculus and induction logic are introduced to retain the semantic information of the sensor and make the complex events recognition interpretable. FGR-CER uses the idea of fuzzy set to deal with incomplete data. At the same time, in order to reduce the time complexity of the framework, FGR-CER use the idea of granular computing to optimize the reasoning process, making the reasoning process from coarse-grained to fine-grained according to human thinking. Finally, the proposed FGR-CER is evaluated on the synthetic data set and the real data set, which proved that FGR-CER is better than other algorithms in precision, recall and NDCG for interpretable industrial dynamic event recognition with incomplete data.

The research on tight oil is one of the hot spots nowadays. China has rich tight oil resources, with a wide distribution range and great development potential. For tight reservoirs, this paper proposes a method to test the rock wettability of tight reservoirs using the nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) technology. Based on the idea of combining the NMR technology with indoor physical simulation, and on the basis of T2 relaxation time, the mixed wettability index is calculated through the limit of T2 relaxation time of 1 ms to evaluate the wettability of tight reservoirs. The design contrast experiment has studied the influence of wettability on the imbibition law, and concluded that the imbibition rate of hydrophilic rock samples is higher than that of lipophilic rock samples, but the ultimate recovery rate of lipophilic rock samples is higher than that of hydrophilic rock samples, which provides a basis for the development of tight reservoirs.

In China, complex fault blocks occupied an important position in the development of oilfields. Compared with monolithic sandstone reservoirs, complex fault blocks have the characteristics of complex and diverse structures and relatively developed low-level fault blocks. Such special oil reservoirs often have an impact on the development of the injection-production well pattern. Therefore, it is necessary to study its influence and optimize related deployment. According to the parameters of the selected example blocks, an ideal reservoir model is established and four well pattern distribution forms are designed. According to the simulation results, we will choose the best oil displacement pattern. Under the same physical and well pattern distribution conditions, the injected water or CO2 was simulated and the simulation results were compared. Finally, the influence of the fault length on the oil displacement effect on the two-dimensional plane of the entire reservoir was studied. The results show that under the condition of high injection-production pressure difference, well pattern 1 has the best water drive development effect. Comparing the oil saturation distribution cloud map of water flooding and gas flooding and the oil production rate curve of producing wells, CO2 is significantly better than water flooding in terms of oil displacement speed and production. After changing the length of the fault, it was found that due to the influence of the openness of the fault, as the length of the fault increases, the overall oil saturation distribution of the reservoir is greatly different. The initial oil production increases rapidly, but cumulative oil production changes. It is not obvious. Research reveals that the transfer of fault length affects the formation pressure and then changes the injection-production pressure difference and ultimately affects the initial oil production.

The basic requirements for the method of determination of sedimentation resistance of diesel fuel at low temperatures using differential scanning calorimetry are substantiated. The influence of diesel fuel cooling rate on the crystallization process was investigated.

In order to clarify the characteristics of coal rock pore fracture changes after CO2 gas injection into coal seams, the Dafosi coalfield in Binchang mining area was taken as the research object. The changes in CT scanning surface, pseudo color, grayscale mean, and porosity of coal and rock samples were studied under different CO2 injection pressures. Through CT scanning experiments, combined with ORS visual and Matlab software. The main reasons for the changes in pore fracture characteristics of coal and rock after injecting CO2 gas were studied from three aspects: compressive deformation of coal and rock, crack width, and number of cracks. The experimental results showed that, as the injection pressure of CO2 gas increases, the color of coal rock CT scan images and pseudo color images becomes lighter, the mean gray level increases, and the porosity decreases; The compression deformation of coal rock is not the main reason for the changes in the characteristics of coal rock pores and fractures; The more CO2 gas is adsorbed by coal and rock, the narrower the cracks gradually, and the number of pores and fractures decreases. CO2 adsorption is the main reason for the decrease in porosity of coal and rock. The research results provide a technical boundary reference for the development of coalbed methane injection CO2.

The reserves of hydrocarbons trapped in gas hydrate deposits are estimated to be enormous, especially comparing with the proven geological resources of natural gas. At the same time the origin of gas hydrate deposits is still debatable. Comparison of the component composition of hydrocarbon mixtures obtained as a result of abiogenic synthesis in the laboratory under thermobaric parameters similar to the conditions of the Earth’s mantle with the composition of samples of natural gas hydrates shows their similarity. This confirms our suggestion about the possible contribution of deep hydrocarbons in gas hydrate formation. Gas hydrate deposits could be formed as a result of upward vertical migration of deep hydrocarbon fluids along faults and fractures.

The possibility of using composite fibers with phase change properties as a thermoregulating additive to dry building mixes (mortar mix) with the possibility of accumulating thermal energy under the action of sunlight and a high-frequency alternating magnetic field is studied. Composite fibers were obtained by adsorption of the organic phase-change material eicosane on fibers of microfibrillar cellulose modified with magnetite nanoparticles. The obtained composites demonstrated specific values of stored thermal energy in the range of 129-148 J/g, depending on the content of eicosane in their composition. It is shown that the addition of 10–15% wt. of composite fibers to the dry building mix makes it possible to store and release thermal energy in hardened samples in a temperature range of 27-43°C, corresponding to melting and crystallization of the eicosane in the structure of the composite fibers. It was shown that addition of the composites affects the dynamics of heating under the action of artificial sunlight and subsequent cooling: the samples with added fiber showed more intense heating and slower cooling compared with control samples when the temperature reached 35°C. Samples of the hardened mixture with addition of the composite fibers also exhibited the ability to accumulate thermal energy when exposed to a high-frequency alternating magnetic field with its subsequent sustained removal.

Feasibility was demonstrated for the use of CG/MS for determining the content of organochlorine compounds in chemical reagents. The analysis of a model mixture of organochlorine compounds indicated the optimal conditions for the CG/MS procedure and isooctane as the best solvent for carrying out the extraction. Calibration curves in the selected ion monitoring (SIM) mode were constructed for each individual compound. Depending on the physicochemical characteristics of the chemical reagent, various approaches were proposed for sample preparation involving dilution and/or extraction. For analysis of chemical reagents having a strong hydrocarbon background in the full ion current scanning mode, the identification of organochlorine compounds and subsequent quantitative determination were carried out using mass fragmentograms. The efficiency of these procedures was estimated by assessing the completeness of extraction by adding a marker to the working solution and evaluating the results relative to the extent of extraction.

The curable resin has excellent water resistance, wear resistance and excellent adhesion, flexibility and impact resistance, excellent mechanical properties, high cementing quality, and a good channeling prevention effect on the system. In this paper, the cured water-based resin cementing liquid system was finally determined by modifying the resin aqueously, by preferring the curing agent and accelerator, and according to the curing gel time required by the cemented water mud in the field. The mechanical properties of the water-based resin cementing slurry system were tested, and the results showed that the addition of 15-20% water-based epoxy resin resulted in cementite with a compressive strength greater than 25 MPa and elastic modulus less than 5 GPa, with 37.8% reduction in permeability and 80-85% cost reduction compared with the complete use of epoxy resin.

The use of highly mineralized reinjection water has low gel strength and poor stability, and the above problems are more prominent under high-temperature reservoir conditions. Based on the temperature resistance and salt tolerance polymer TSRP and phenolic resin crosslinking agent, a TSRP temperature resistant weak gel system suitable for high mineralized reinjection water was developed, and the temperature resistance mechanism of the TSRP weak gel system was tested by its temperature resistance and injection ability. The migration, retention, and plugging of the TSRP weak gel system in heterogeneous reservoirs were studied through micropore throat migration and plugging characteristics and dual-pipe parallel oil displacement experiments. The results showed that: under the condition of polymer concentration 2000 mg/L, polymer: crosslinking agent: glue promoter 1:1.5:1, the TSRP weak gel system prepared by using mineralized 12132.9 mg/L reinjection water can remain stable after 95°C aging at high temperature of TSRP. Through microscopic simulation, a glass etching model TSRP weak gel system showed good migration ability and plugging performance. In comparison with the two pipes parallel oil displacement experiment, the KY gel system injected the same amount of PV at 95°C and 20000 mg/L in the Y1L block, the average recovery of the TSRP gel system increased by 22.3% after injection of polymer gel, and the KY gel system was only 18.2%; When the same amount of PV was injected in Z1L block, 95°C and 22000 mg/L, the average recovery of TSRP gel system increased by 24.35% after injection of polymer gel, and the KY gel system was only 17.15%, that is, under higher salinity, the TSRP gel system showed better performance.

Borehole deviation is an important issue of vertical drilling, and the pendulum bottom-hole assembly (BHA) with one stabilizer is often applied to straighten it. The traditional design and application method mainly takes the bit side force (pendulum force) as the evaluation index of straightening capability. The positive influence of bit side force is often over-emphasized while the negative influences of the other factors are often neglected. To improve the design and application method of pendulum BHA, the equilibrium tendency method to predict the build-up rate (BUR) of a steerable BHA is introduced to directly predict the inclination change rate of pendulum BHA for the first time, and then taking it as new evaluation index of straightening capability to optimize the pendulum BHA. The main influencing factors and laws of straightening capability of pendulum BHAs in three boreholes are analyzed and compared, and new understandings have been obtained for the first time. The research results have shown that predicting the inclination change rate by the equilibrium tendency method and taking it as the evaluation index of straightening capability can improve the design and application of pendulum BHA. The straightening capability of pendulum BHA significantly changes with stabilizer position, weight-on-bit (WOB), bit anisotropy index and borehole diameter. Compared to the pendulum BHA (optimal stabilizer position is about 20 m, recommended specific WOB is below 0.35 kN/mm) in 215.9 mm borehole, pendulum BHA in larger boreholes can properly increase the stabilizer position and specific WOB, but pendulum BHA in smaller boreholes must properly decrease the stabilizer position and specific WOB. It is suggested not to apply the pendulum BHA in small borehole, because the allowable WOB for deviation control is often too small to meet fast drilling requirement.

The existing stress distribution model of casing-cement-formation mostly does not fix the far-field displacement boundary in model building, and the disturbance of formation displacement at infinity caused by the well construction process can not be eliminated, which is not completely in line with reality. Taking the strata stress as the stress boundary and initial stress field condition, and fixing the farfield displacement boundary of the formation, a modified model of casing-cement-formation combination for directional well is derived with the undetermined coefficients method. On the basis, the sensitivity analysis of the mechanical failure law of the wellbore integrity was carried out, and the calculation results showed that, as the elastic modulus of the formation and sheath decreases, the radial and circumferential compressive stresses on the casing and the cement sheath increase. The Poisson’s ratio of the cement sheath has little effect on the stress state of the casing and the cement sheath. The radial and circumferential compressive stresses on the casing and the cement sheath increase as the Poisson’s ratio of the cement sheath increases. When the pressure inside the casing is high, as the elastic modulus of the cement sheath increases, the tendency of the tensile circumferential stress at the cement sheath increases, and the compressive stress on the casing decreases. The traditional model overestimates the stress distribution of combination and the shear failure risk of the cement, but underestimates the tensile failure risk of the cement. For a vertical well on site in Bohai Bay, the mechanical property of the cement sheath at the 9-5/8” casing were evaluated, and the on-site cement slurry is reasonably used to meet the mechanical requirements of wellbore integrity. This paper can provide a theoretical basis for reasonably choosing cementing slurry formula.

Methods are examined for estimating the Hildebrand solubility parameter of a mixture of organic solvents using the characteristics of their structural elements. A procedure is proposed for calculating the solubility parameter for mixtures of solvents differing in composition and structure depending on the ratio of their components. These results enable us to predict the optimal solvent mixture composition for polymers with a known Hildebrand solubility parameter. The proposed method permits us to estimate the solubility of complex mixtures of hydrocarbons of petroleum origin such as the tar obtained as the vacuum residue of oil distillation when it is used as a polymer solvent. 1H NMR analysis results were used to determine the structural elements of a tar and calculate its Hildebrand solubility parameter.

Water-based epoxy resin emulsion was prepared by self-emulsification method, and the surface of the resin was modified by SiO2. On this basis, a set of modification methods for epoxy resin waterification was formed. The epoxy resin cement slurry system was constructed, and the mechanism of water-based epoxy resin improving the mechanical and cementation properties of cement stone was revealed, that is, solidified film formation can improve the pore structure of hardened cement slurry, increase the impermeability of hardened cement slurry to a certain extent, and effectively prevent the entry of external corrosive ions. The low temperature strength of resin cement slurry system develops fast – gas «penetration», strong channeling ability – gas «channeling», good toughness – sealing gas «can not go», good cementing quality – no pressure problems. This study lays a foundation for solving the problems of fracture propagation and corrosion faced by traditional cement cement and well integrity of deep gas wells and unconventional wells.

The Lower Wuerhe Formation in Mahu 1 well area of Junggar Basin is rich in oil and gas resources, which are rich in zeolite cements. In this paper, based on core observation and scanning electron microscope data, we clarified that there are four types of zeolite minerals, mainly turbidite, followed by zeolite, and occasionally zeolite and clinoptilolite. Based on the data of X-ray diffraction, physical properties and thin sections, there are two genetic modes of zeolite minerals in this area: cementation and volcanic erosion. For the first time, the prediction model of zeolite content was established by the method of multiple regression, and the plane distribution map of the content of turbidized zeolite in the target strata in the study area was established. The study found that zeolite mainly distributed in the conglomerate size in fine conglomerate and small conglomerate, and the microfacies mainly distributed in the front zone of fan delta.