Hydrous amorphous RuO₂ nanoparticles supported on reduced graphene oxide were developed as a cathode material for non-aqueous Li–O₂ batteries, resulting in substantially reduced overpotential as well as excellent cycleability. A new type of nanoneedle-like Li₂O₂ morphology was produced during discharge. The enhanced catalytic activity can be attributed to the amorphous and hydrous nature of the catalyst.