The thermal decomposition of Pu(III) oxalate was analyzed by Raman microspectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and powder X-ray diffraction. These data show that crystalline Pu2(C2O4)3•9H2O progressively loses water and oxalate ligands as it is heated, which leads to a decrease in long-range lattice ordering, though minimal changes are observed in gross crystalline morphology. The onset of PuO2 formation was observed between 200 - 250 ℃. Thermal decomposition of oxalate ligands leads to the formation of CO2 and plutonium oxalate-carbonate moieties, which had not been observed in previously published thermogravimetric measurements of Pu(III) oxalate. Formation of plutonium oxalate-carbonate moieties is believed to be associated with a change in the plutonium oxidation state from 3+ to 4+, which occurs prior to PuO2 formation. The data provided herein demonstrate the rich spectroscopic nature of a rather underexplored, and technologically relevant, plutonium system. Ideally these results will further future investigations into the Pu(III) oxalate system both experimentally and computationally.