Oxide semiconductor nanomaterials have attracted extensive attention due to their excellent surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) effect and photocatalytic degradation ability, which can be used for the detection of pollutants. In this paper, an electrochemical anodic oxidation method was used to prepare rough copper oxide with nanostructured morphology on the surface of a copper sheet, and the effects of different reaction conditions on the morphology and crystallization of CuO were studied. Using rhodamine 6G as the probe molecule, the CuO nanosheet array thin film was optimized by regulating the reaction time and current density to obtain highly sensitive SERS detection. And under the irradiation of visible light, the CuO film showed good photocatalytic degradation performance of an organic dye.