2. Academic Validation
  3. Disruption of heme homeostasis by nuclear receptor Nur77 induces pyroptosis through granzyme B-dependent GSDMC cleavage

Disruption of heme homeostasis by nuclear receptor Nur77 induces pyroptosis through granzyme B-dependent GSDMC cleavage

  • Signal Transduct Target Ther. 2025 Dec 17;10(1):413. doi: 10.1038/s41392-025-02528-w.
Liu-Zheng Wu # 1,  Ya-Ying Huang # 1,  Hai-Jing Hu # 1,  Wen-Bin Hong # 2,  Han Yan # 3,  Yuan-Li Ai 1,  Xiang-Yu Mi 1,  De-Yi Feng 1,  Jian-Yi Guo 1,  Yang Ding 3,  Zai-Jun Liu 1,  Bo Zhou 1,  Li Xiao 1,  Tianwei Lin 2,  Fu-Nan Li 4,  Xue-Qin Chen 5,  Hang-Zi Chen 6,  Qiao Wu 7
Affiliations

Affiliations

  • 1 State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China.
  • 2 The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.
  • 3 Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.
  • 4 Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China. fnlee5@xmu.edu.cn.
  • 5 The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China. xqchen@xmu.edu.cn.
  • 6 State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China. chenhz@xmu.edu.cn.
  • 7 State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China. qiaow@xmu.edu.cn.
  • # Contributed equally.
PMID: 41407678 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-025-02528-w
Abstract

Pyroptosis plays a crucial role in physiological and pathological processes. As melanoma cells are resistant to Apoptosis but express gasdermin proteins, it is appealing to counter melanoma with the induction of gasdermin-executed Pyroptosis. GSDMC, initially cloned from metastatic melanoma cells, has been demonstrated as a potential executioner of Pyroptosis. However, no lead compounds that trigger GSDMC-mediated Pyroptosis have been reported, which limits the in-depth investigation of GSDMC functions. Here, we discovered a chemical compound, dodecyl 1H-benzo[d]imidazole-5-carboxylate (DdBIC), that targeted the nuclear receptor Nur77 to induce Pyroptosis through cleaving GSDMC by granzyme B in melanoma cells. Upon DdBIC binding, Nur77 was translocated to the mitochondria to activate the hemoprotein SDHA to overconsume succinyl-CoA, subsequently disrupting the homeostasis of heme in the SDH complex and resulting in electron leakage to induce mito-ROS production. This mito-ROS signal was sensed by the mitochondrial protease OMA1 via oxidation, which led to downstream OPA1 cleavage and subsequent released into the cytoplasm. Cytosolic OPA1 activated PERK to induce the integrated stress response (ISR), which further activated granzyme B to cleave GSDMC, culminating in the induction of Pyroptosis. Together, this study elucidates a signal cascade from Nur77-impaired homeostasis of heme metabolism to PERK-mediated ISR activation, and reveals a novel paradigm, by which granzyme B, rather than caspases, cleaves GSDMC for pyroptotic induction and provides a new strategy for the therapeutic treatment of melanoma by lead compound DdBIC.

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